Recently, the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (SKD), one of the most important museum networks in the world, spearheaded a project in which computerized X-ray imaging was used to analyze ancient works of art and see hidden details to help understand how the works were created and better plan their restoration.
For six months, 11 pieces were analyzed, including paintings on canvas, panels and even a cup carved from rhinoceros horn. The process was led by institutions such as the Bóveda Verde, the Albertinum and the Galería de los Maestros Antiguos, who sought to deepen the creative and restorative processes of their artistic heritage.
DÜRR NDT technology
Various tools from the German company DÜRR NDT were used to carry out these studies.
- Model HD-IP high-definition imaging plates, which are placed behind the artwork to capture the X-ray image.
- One scanner HD-CR 35 NDTThe HD-CR 35 NDT scanner is used to “read” the imaging plates (HD-IP) after they have been exposed to X-rays. The scanner digitizes the information stored on the plate and creates a digital image file on the computer.
- The analysis software D-Tect X to scan in great detail the internal structures of the parts.
By using these tools they were able to cut the analysis time in half, from half a day to a quarter of a day. In addition, by using extremely thin imaging plates, it is possible to examine fragile or oddly shaped objects, such as the rhino horn cup, with great precision.
On the other hand, by stitching together several digital radiographs, they can create a highly detailed, panoramic image (in TIF format) that shows the finest details.
What can be discovered with this technology?
Thanks to computerized radiography, it was possible to detect tears, loss of color and seams in canvases that previously went unnoticed. In the case of wooden panels, it was possible to identify assembly techniques such as the use of dowels or gluing, even with variations of millimeters.
One of the most striking investigations was on copies of Rembrandt’s The Burial of Christ, where it was observed how some details were added later, altering the original composition. These observations make it possible to trace technical, material and stylistic changes that enrich the understanding of the works.
Complementary techniques
Prior to the use of computed radiography, other techniques were applied to obtain a complete view:
- Infrared reflectography: It is used before X-rays to visualize the underlying drawing, i.e., the sketch that the artist made on the canvas or board before painting.
- Grazing light technique: Illuminates the work with a very lateral light to reveal textures, reliefs and deformations on the surface.
Beyond analysis
Radiographic images obtained in TIF formats will be used for scientific documentation to facilitate future restoration planning and ensure that conservation decisions are based on accurate, technical data.
Source: DÜRR NDT